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Ocular Allergy

Understanding Ocular Allergies: A Patient Guide

Ocular allergies refer to allergic reactions affecting the eyes, often triggered by exposure to allergens such as pollen, dust mites, pet dander, or certain foods. These allergies can cause various eye symptoms and discomfort. Here's what you need to know about different types of ocular allergies and their management

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Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis

Causes

Vernal keratoconjunctivitis is a chronic allergic condition commonly seen in young males, often associated with a family history of allergies. It is triggered by environmental allergens and may worsen during specific seasons.

Signs and Symptoms

Symptoms include severe itching, redness, tearing, photophobia (sensitivity to light), and a sensation of foreign body in the eye. Giant papillae may form on the inner surface of the eyelids.

Management

Treatment may involve topical antihistamines, mast cell stabilizers, corticosteroids, and immunomodulators. Cold compresses and avoiding allergens can also help alleviate symptoms.

Allergic Conjunctivitis

Causes

Allergic conjunctivitis is caused by exposure to allergens such as pollen, dust, mold, or pet dander. It can occur seasonally (hay fever) or throughout the year (perennial allergic conjunctivitis).

Signs and Symptoms

Symptoms include itching, redness, tearing, swelling of the eyelids, and a gritty sensation in the eyes. Symptoms may be accompanied by nasal congestion and sneezing.

Management

Treatment involves avoiding allergens when possible, using artificial tears, antihistamine eye drops, mast cell stabilizers, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Oral antihistamines may also be recommended.

Phlyctenular Conjunctivitis

Causes

Phlyctenular conjunctivitis is an allergic reaction to bacterial antigens, often associated with staphylococcal infections or tuberculosis. It can also be triggered by exposure to environmental irritants or allergens.

Signs and Symptoms

Symptoms include small, raised nodules (phlyctenules) on the conjunctiva, redness, tearing, and discomfort. Corneal involvement may lead to photophobia and blurred vision.

Management

Treatment may involve topical antibiotics for associated infections, corticosteroids to reduce inflammation, and avoiding potential triggers.

Atopic Conjunctivitis

Causes

Atopic conjunctivitis is a chronic allergic condition associated with atopic dermatitis (eczema) and other allergic diseases. It is often triggered by allergens such as dust mites, pollen, or animal dander.

Signs and Symptoms

Symptoms include itching, redness, swelling of the eyelids, and thickening of the skin around the eyes. Patients may also experience a history of atopic dermatitis or other allergic conditions.

Management

Treatment involves topical antihistamines, corticosteroids, and emollients to relieve symptoms and maintain skin hydration. Avoiding triggers and practicing good skin hygiene are also essential.

Role of Allergy Physician

Allergy physicians play a crucial role in managing ocular allergies by providing comprehensive evaluation, allergen testing (such as skin prick tests), and personalized treatment plans. They may prescribe medications, immunotherapy, or other interventions to alleviate symptoms and improve quality of life.

Skin Prick Allergy Test

Skin prick tests are diagnostic tests used by allergy physicians to identify specific allergens triggering allergic reactions. Small amounts of suspected allergens are applied to the skin, and the skin is then pricked or scratched to allow the allergen to enter the body. Any resulting allergic reactions (such as redness or swelling) indicate sensitivities to particular allergens.

Sublingual Immunotherapy (SLIT)

Sublingual immunotherapy is a treatment option offered by allergy physicians for allergic diseases, including ocular allergies. It involves administering small doses of allergens under the tongue to desensitize the immune system and reduce allergic reactions over time.

Dr. Arpit Shah, Cornea Surgeon at Shriram Super Speciality Eye Hospital

Collaborates with allergy physicians to provide comprehensive care for patients with ocular allergies. If you experience symptoms of ocular allergies or require evaluation and treatment, schedule a consultation with Dr. Arpit Shah for personalized care and management. Your comfort and eye health are our priorities, and we are committed to helping you find relief from ocular allergies.